Washington Square, NY: New York University Press, 1955: 11. Knowing that these species prefer a wide-range of environments, I find it unlikely that all depicted birds would exist often within the garden unless artificially introduced, if kept in aviaries or bird cages at the villa. The only questionable factor, therefore, is whether all these birds would exist in the garden at the same time, and with what frequency. In conclusion, both analyzed scenes are plausible based on the migratory patterns of these bird species, with the exception of the thrush. A corresponding wall at the House of Livia’s Garden Room with species identification. 9 Furthermore, if a partridge, this bird would have been a common species in Rome as a domestic bird, similar in function to the pheasant and quail. 47 or 48 as a phoenix was a golden pheasant. 7 Other sources state that the pheasant was “imported from Colchis, the land of the River Phasis… had been known as rarities in Greece since the fifth century.” 8 It is possible that the bird shown in Rome in A.D. Again, pheasants were easy to keep in captivity and though they originate from the Caucasus, their entry into Europe was noted by Aristophanes in his Birds. Along the bottom gate of the fresco is a pheasant or a partridge.
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